In China and other developing countries there usually are not enough professionally educated individuals to staff the prevailing judicial techniques, and, accordingly, formal requirements are extra relaxed. The primary institutions of law in industrialised countries are impartial courts, representative parliaments, an accountable government, the military and police, bureaucratic organisation, the legal occupation and civil society itself. John Locke, in his Two Treatises of Government, and Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, advocated for a separation of powers between the political, legislature and govt our bodies. Their precept was that no person should be succesful of usurp all powers of the state, in contrast to the absolutist theory of Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan. Sun Yat-sen’s Five Power Constitution for the Republic of China took the separation of powers further by having two extra branches of government – a Control Yuan for auditing oversight and an Examination Yuan to handle …

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